30×30×15mm Boron Nitride Ceramic Block – Lab And Material Testing, Choose from 6 Materials

Boron nitride (chemical formula: BN) is an inorganic compound composed of boron (B) and nitrogen (N) elements, and it has many allotropes. Among them, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and cubic boron nitride (c-BN) are the most common. It is one of the super-hard materials in nature with a hardness second only to diamond, and it is also an important high-temperature structural material, thermal conductive material, and semiconductor functional material in modern industry.

Boron nitride rarely exists in its pure form in nature and is difficult to obtain on a large scale. However, high-performance boron nitride that can be stably produced to meet industrial demands can be prepared through artificial synthesis.

Boron nitride mainly has four crystal forms: hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), cubic boron nitride (c-BN), rhombic boron nitride (r-BN), and wurtzite boron nitride (w-BN). Among them, hexagonal boron nitride and cubic boron nitride are the most common. Currently, market research on boron nitride mainly focuses on these two types.

Common ones include:
1. Powder materials: High-purity boron nitride powder (99% purity), nano boron nitride particles, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flake powder, etc.
2. Solid molded products: hot-pressed boron nitride blocks, pyrolyzed boron nitride (PBN) crucibles, boron nitride ceramic parts (nozzles, bearings, etc.).
3. Fibers and Reinforcements: Boron nitride fibers, boron nitride whiskers.
4. Coatings and Films: Plasma spray coatings, CVD boron nitride films.
5. Porous and foam materials: Boron nitride porous ceramics, boron nitride aerogels.
6. Composite functional products: boron nitride lubricants, BN-polymer materials, etc.

It can be summarized as follows:
1. Insulation-thermal conductivity synergistic material: Coexistence of high-temperature insulation (resistivity > 10¹⁴ Ω·cm) and in-plane ultra-high thermal conductivity (30-100 W/(m·K)), with a heat dissipation efficiency 20 times higher than that of alumina;
2. Extreme Environmental Stability: Resistant to temperatures up to 2000°C in an inert atmosphere (the highest among ceramics), thermal shock resistance (CTE ≈ 1-3×10⁻⁶/K) matching single-crystal silicon, and resistance to erosion by molten metals;
3. Self-lubrication and Easy Machinability: Mohs hardness is only 2 (similar to graphite), friction coefficient as low as 0.15, allowing for precise cutting to form complex components;
4. Ultra-Low Loss Waveguide Material: Low dielectric constant (ε ≈ 4) and loss (tanδ < 0.001), excellent microwave transmission properties, and a key material for 5G millimeter-wave devices.

1. Thermal Management：
Excellent electrical insulation and thermal conductivity make BN very useful as a heat sink in high-power electronic applications. Its properties compare favorably with those of beryllium oxide, aluminum oxide, and other electronic packaging materials, and it is easily machinable into desired shapes and sizes.
2. High Temperature Environments：
Temperature stability and excellent resistance to thermal shock make BN the ideal material in the toughest high-temperature environments, such as equipment for plasma arc welding, diffusion source wafers, and semiconductor crystal growth and processing equipment.
3. Molten Metal Handling：
BN is inorganic, inert, nonreactive with halide salts and reagents, and is not wetted by most molten metals and slags. These characteristics, combined with low thermal expansion, make it ideal for interface materials used in various molten metal processes.

Key parameters include:
1. Basic physical and chemical parameters: purity (industrial grade/high-purity electrode), crystal structure (h-BN/c-BN, etc.), density, and porosity
2. Thermal properties: Thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, maximum operating temperature
3. Electrical properties: Dielectric strength, volume resistivity, dielectric constant, and loss
4. Mechanics and surface properties: Flexural strength, hardness, surface roughness, and  lubricity
5. Application scenario-specific parameters: vacuum outgassing rate, resistance to metal melt erosion, coating adhesion, permeability
6. Processing and reliability: Dimensional accuracy, batch consistency, quality certification

1. China (the capacity leader): It accounts for over 80% of the global output. Shandong, Liaoning, and Henan are the core production areas. It dominates the mid-to-low-end market (industrial-grade h-BN mold release agent, ceramic parts), but 95% of high-end PBN crucibles are made in Japan and the United States.
2. Japan (Technology monopolist): Denka monopolizes high-purity h-BN powder (purity > 99.9%), Showa Denko monopolizes the PBN crucible market (75% share), and leads in water-based coating technology.
3. Europe and America (Scene experts): Representative products include cutting tools instead of ‘knives’ and aerospace-grade PBN components from the United States; Automotive-grade BN substrates from Germany are the technological benchmark. French Saint-Gobain high-temperature lubricant.
4. Resource-rich countries (disconnection between reserves and production): Turkey has 73% of the world’s boron reserves, but its processing capacity is weak. Russia has strong nanotube technology, but its mining is subject to environmental protection restrictions.

Due to its disruptive performance combination: While maintaining electrical insulation at extreme high temperatures, it also features in-plane ultra-high thermal conductivity and self-lubricating properties, as well as nearly zero thermal expansion and molten metal inertness. These characteristics are not simultaneously achievable by ceramics such as alumina, silicon nitride, and silicon carbide. This makes it the only available material in cutting-edge fields such as semiconductor single crystal growth crucibles (PBN), aerospace electronic packaging substrates, and neutron absorption components for nuclear reactors.

Suggestion:
1. Strictly control humidity and prevent dampness (the fatal weakness of boron nitride): Add a dehumidifier to control humidity when necessary
2. Isolation from oxidation and contamination: Do not store together with strong oxidants such as nitrates and chlorates
3. Classify and store in a sealed manner: Use moisture-proof packaging. High-purity boron nitride requires double-layer sealing
4. Anti-static and dust-proof: Static electricity is prone to occur during the handling of boron nitride powder. Anti-static flooring should be installed in the storage area, and anti-static containers should be used. Regular dust removal
5. Handling of special form products: For instance, boron nitride fibers should be stored vertically suspended (to prevent fiber breakage due to long-term compression). Boron nitride-coated products should avoid surface friction to prevent the coating from peeling off. Boron nitride nanoparticles should be stored in an inert gas environment to prevent agglomeration and other issues