1.588-11.113mm G5 GPS High Precision Grade Si3N4 Ceramic Balls

Silicon nitride (chemical formula: Si₃N₄) is an inorganic compound composed of silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N), and it has two crystal forms: α and β. Among them, β-Si₃N₄ has become the mainstream due to its high strength and hardness (Mohs hardness approximately 9). It is a super-hard material in nature with a hardness second only to diamond and cubic boron nitride. It is also an important high-temperature structural ceramic, wear-resistant material and semiconductor packaging substrate material in modern industry.

The silicon nitride powder itself is grayish-white or light-colored. However, after sintering, due to oxidation at high temperatures, the presence of additives, the introduction of dark substances from impurities (such as iron, carbon), and the reduction of pores during sintering and densification, which enhances light absorption, the final products tend to be black.

The properties of the two crystal forms are significantly different:

The α phase is a low-temperature stable phase with large structural strain and high free energy. At high temperatures, when combined with liquid-phase sintering AIDS, it will irreversibly transform into the thermodynamically more stable β phase. During sintering, it is easy to promote densification but has relatively weak mechanical properties.

The β phase is a high-temperature stable phase with a dense and symmetrical structure. It features higher mechanical strength (Vickers hardness 15-18 GPa) and fracture toughness (> 6 MPa·m¹/²). Even at 1400 ℃, its flexural strength still exceeds 800 MPa, making it a core material for high-end applications such as semiconductor substrates and turbine blades.

The production processes for silicon nitride products include reaction sintering, hot pressing sintering, normal pressure sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering, and gas pressure sintering, etc. Among them, reaction sintering is a commonly used method for producing refractory products, while hot isostatic pressing sintering can be used to produce high-performance structural ceramics.

Silicon nitride ceramics possess high strength (bending strength up to 600-1200 MPa), high hardness (HV10 15-22 GPa), and low density (3.1-3.3 g/cm³). They also have excellent high-temperature stability (long-term use up to 1200-1400℃), resistance to thermal shock (able to withstand >800℃ rapid cooling and heating), resistance to chemical corrosion (resistant to strong acids, strong bases, and molten metals), and low thermal expansion coefficient (2.8-3.5×10⁻⁶/℃). It is the core material for high-performance cutting tools, engine hot-end components, and wear-resistant seals.

Due to its high strength, high temperature resistance, resistance to thermal shock and corrosion resistance, silicon nitride ceramics are widely used in the manufacturing of high-performance cutting tools (improving processing efficiency and lifespan), engine components (such as turbine rotors, turbocharger rotors, enhancing thermal efficiency), bearings and sealing rings (suitable for high-speed and high-temperature environments), electronic packaging substrates (with excellent heat dissipation and insulation properties), as well as key wear-resistant and radiation-resistant components in the aerospace and nuclear energy fields.

When purchasing silicon nitride ceramic components, the following key parameters should be given priority attention:

Bending strength (measuring the ability to resist fracture, typically 600-1200 MPa) , Hardness (Vickers hardness ≥ 15 GPa to ensure wear resistance), Thermal conductivity (≥ 80 W/(m·K) to ensure heat dissipation), Density (approximately 3.2 g/cm³ to affect lightweighting), Thermal expansion coefficient (≤ 3.5 × 10⁻⁶/℃ to reduce thermal shock risk), As well as dimensional tolerance (precise parts need to be controlled within ±0.01 mm), Surface roughness (Ra ≤ 0.8 μm) and Density (≥ 99% to avoid the impact of pores on performance), etc. These key parameters should be considered in combination with the application scenarios (such as cutting, wear resistance or high-temperature structures) for comprehensive performance matching assessment.

Silicon nitride possesses high strength (bending strength ranging from 600 to 1200 MPa), low friction coefficient (good self-lubrication), and excellent thermal shock resistance (thermal expansion coefficient is only 2.5-3.5 × 10⁻⁶/℃). It can maintain stable performance even at high temperatures (above 1200℃) and in corrosive environments. Compared to ceramics such as alumina and silicon carbide, its comprehensive mechanical and thermal properties are more balanced.

Silicon nitride is non-toxic and non-radioactive by itself, and its chemical properties remain stable after disposal, making it unlikely to pollute the environment. However, the high-temperature sintering process in its production requires energy consumption, and some processes (such as hot-press sintering) need additives. To reduce environmental impact, recycling and clean production technologies must be employed.

Suggestions:

1. Control humidity: Environmental humidity < 60% RH (for high-purity grade < 40% RH)

2. Isolate contamination: Keep away from strong acids/strong bases/active metals/containing chlorine organic substances

3. Store separately and seal: Replace with high-purity argon gas, label clearly

4. Anti-static and dust-proof: Use anti-static bags + grounded containers, perform regular dust removal

5. Store in a dark place: For products sensitive to ultraviolet light, require dark packaging

6. Control temperature variation: Rate of temperature change adaptation < 8℃/min

7. Handling of special form products: For fibers/whiskers, place flat on a pressure-resistant tray, interlayer with soft PE film; for coated products, stack the coated surfaces together + add a silica gel pad for cushioning

8. Prevent gas-phase corrosion: Do not store with chlorinated polymers together, monitor HCl in the warehouse

9. Aging management: Powder has a shelf life of 24 months, if expired, recheck the activity